It is generally dated to May 1274 BC, as accounted by Egyptian chronology,[14] and is the earliest pitched battle in recorded history for which details of tactics and formations are known. It is believed to be the largest battle ever fought involving chariots, a total of 5,000 to 6,000.[15][16][17]
After being outmaneuvered, ambushed, and surrounded, in the critical moment Ramesses personally led his body guard to charge the Hittite ranks, and broke through to stem the tide of disaster.
The outcome of the battle is generally considered a stalemate.[18]
^Lorna Oakes, Pyramids, Temples & Tombs of Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated Atlas of the Land of the Pharaohs, Hermes House: 2003, p. 142.
^Cite error: The named reference grimal256 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference HC080514-rpt was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Near the modern village of Al-Houz in Syria's Al-Qusayr District. see Kitchen, K. A., "Ramesside Inscriptions", volume 2, Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1996, pp. 16–17.
^Around "Year 5 III Shemu day 9" of Ramesses II's reign (James Henry Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, vol. III, p. 317) or more precisely: May 12, 1274 BC based on Ramesses' commonly accepted accession date in 1279 BC.
^Weir, William (2009). History's Greatest Lies. Fair Winds Press. Cited in Kulkarni P, Ji Z, Xu Y, Neskovic M, Nolan K (2023). "Exploring Semantic Perturbations on Grover". arXiv:2302.00509 [cs.LG].